The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.